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Bandhavgarh |
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is 872.14 Kms.
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The reserve named after the highest hill Bandhavgarh 807 m in the centre of it, falls between the Vindhyan hill range and the eastern flank of Satpura hill range and is located in Shahdol and Jabalpur districts of Madhya Pradesh.A chain of smaller hills, 32 in all, surrounds this hill, forming a number of valleys and spurs interspersed with low lying areas, such as Chakradhara, Rajbahera, Sehra-Dadra, Bhitri bah, Kolua bah etc. Since the main formation is of sandstone, water percolates through it forming a number of perennial streams and springs. The hills are mainly flat topped. The meadows in certain areas are marshy.The Sal and bamboo covers plain tract and degenerates in growth and quality as it ascends the hill slopes, further giving place to mixed forest on upper slopes, mainly due to edaphic factors.Few rare species like insectivorous plants Drocera peltata and medicinal plant like Buch (Acorus calamus) are found in some isolated patches of Tala ranges of the Reserve.Rivers Johilla and Son flowing on the boundary on the eastern side, river Umrar passing through western fringes and the Bandhavgarh hill, which is visible from as far as 30 km, are some of the landmarks of the Reserve.The National Park is surrounded by 62 villages, which have direct impact on the protected area by way of grazing, M.F.P. collection, fires and poaching.    Visitors to Bandhavgarh are allowed into the park twice each day for 3-hour Jeep safaris, once at dawn, and again in late afternoon. These are times when animal activity is most visible.The commonly used safari vehicles are open 4WD Gypsys, which provide the exhilaration of being one with the forests and wildlife. Driving slowly on the dirt tracks is the best way of getting around and observing the animals without alarming them. Coming across one, two and possibly more tigers on these drives is an unforgettable moment - already enjoyed by so many satisfied visitors from all over the world.   
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History of Bandhavgarh city
The Bandhavgarh Fort, in the centre of the Reserve, atop the Bandhavgarh hill, was the seat of rulers of Rewa State, until they shifted to Rewa town in 1617 A.D. After independence and abolition of the princely States, the process of degradation of forests started due to relaxed control. Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa, was deeply moved by the destruction of forests. On his proposal an area of 105 sq. km. was declared as National Park in 1965.The area of the park was increased to 448.84 sq. km. in 1982 Bandhavgarh has been an excellent habitat of tiger and is known for the highest density of tigers in the world. Considering the importance and potentiality of the National park, it was included in the Project Tiger Network in 1993. .Mythologically the fort was built by Lord Rama for his brother Laxman, during Ramayan period. There are a number of man made caves in Bandhavgarh with inscriptions and carvings, which date back between about 129-168 A.D. Statues of various incarnations of Lord Vishnu, which were carved out of single rocks are found in the fort. "Sheshshaiya" the statue of lord Vishnu in reclining pose is the biggest of all and attracts every tourist. These statues date back to 10-11th Century A.D.   
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Geography and Climate of Bandhavgarh city
Bandhavgarh National Park lies on the extreme north- eastern border of the present state of Madhya Pradesh in India and the northern flanks of the eastern Satpuda Mountain range. Latitudes and longitudes are 23°30' to 23°46' North and 80°11' to 80°36'East.The altitude of the park varies between 410 metres or 1,345 ft and 810 metres or 2,657 ft.The geology is soft feldspathic sandstone with quartzite. The soil is generally sandy to sandy-loam. At least twenty streams rise or flow through the park, amongst the streams Umrar forming the western boundary is the largest.The other important streams are Johilla eastern boundary, Janadh, Charnganga, Damnar, Banbei, Ambanala and Andhyari Jhiria. All these streams eventually flow into the river Son, which is an important southern tributary to the Ganges.At the centre of the Park is the Bandhavgarh hill, rising 811 m above sea level – surrounding it are a large number of smaller hills separated by gently sloping valleys.These valleys end in small, swampy meadows, locally known as 'bohera'. The lowest point in the park is at Tala, 440 m above sea level. The terrain is of great rocky hills rising sharply from the swampy and densely forested valley bottoms. The finest of these hills is Bandhavgarh, sided with great cliffs and eroded rocks. The park lies within the tropical monsoon climatic zone, characterized by well-defined winters, summers and rains.Temperature as low 2 2 °C or 36 °F as has been to a high of 44 °C or 111 °F as has been recorded . Average rainfall is 1,173 millimetres or 46 in, most of which falls during the monsoons.Some rains result from the cyclonic depressions as well, between the months of November and February.   
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Economy of Bandhavgarh city
M.P. Forestry Project has been launched in this area with the help of World Bank.This is helping in infrastructure, in habitat improvement and for training of staff for wildlife protection.This project is also having main thrust in Eco-development works around the reserve, in order to reduce the biotic pressure from surrounding villages.In order to raise more funds for the conservation of Tiger and its habitat, M.P. Tiger Foundation Society has been constituted, which collects funds from any national/ international NGO or individual.Micro-plans have been prepared for eco-development activities in some villages, namely Salkhania, Bagdara, Kathali, Lakhumar, Badawah, Ranchha, Majhkheta and Gohadi.They are being implemented with the funds available under M.P. Forestry Project.
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Flora and Fauna of Bandhavgarh city
Major Flora includes Sal, Saja, Dhauda, Tendu, Arjun, Aonla, Pals, Salai, Bhirra, Khamer, Dhaman, Mango, Jamun, Bamboo, etc. In Major Fauna main species mammals includes Spotted deer or Chital, Sambar, Barking deer or Muntjac, Chausinga or Four-horned antilope, Nilgai or Blue bull, Indian Gazel or chinkara and Tiger, Leopard, wild dog or Dhole, Wolf, Scavangers consists of Hyena, jackal, Wild boar, Sloth bear, Common Langur, Rhesus monkey etc. Bird includes 242 species of birds have been identified in the Reserve.Commonly seen are Peafowl, Red Jungle fowl, Grey Hornbill, Common Teals, Red Wattled Lapwing, Crested Serpent Eagle, White Breasted Kingfisher, Lesser Adjutant Stork, etc. Reptile includes Cobras, Kraits, Vipers and Python.   
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